This book seeks to look into the issue of oppression of Copts in Egypt. This will be done first by documenting practices and events, secondly by analyzing the social and economic dimensions to the causes and roots, and thirdly by revising the discourses and ideologies at hand.
All through the last century, Egypt has known modernization projects of disparate orientations. It turned from semi-liberal rule to a regime that bans political and association freedom, to a project based on the market economy and adopts the neoliberal prospective. Can we find a linking thread to the Copts situation through all these different stages?
Modernity began with Mohamed Aly Pasha, who needed to develop agriculture, to establish industries and schools, and to resource those who have competencies regardless their religion. This led to the deconstruction of Dhimmis’ obligations which prevailed for about 12 centuries. The military conscription was imposed on Copts in the last quarter of the nineteenth century. However, that did not lead automatically to achieving equality; because it was a kind of development that took place without a thought revolution to put religion in a new place. On the contrary, the influence of religion remained present in any discussion of the Copts rights.
This research follows the conditions of Copts along the last two hundred years, in their relations to the deficiency that imbued the successive modernization projects, and the role played by the Islamic movements since the late nineteenth century. Those movements which saw modernity as a source of corruption, and put forth the necessity of returning to fundamentals.