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      • Trusted Partner
        Soil & rock mechanics
        August 2011

        Soil Hydrology, Land Use and Agriculture

        Measurement and Modelling

        by Edited by Manoj K Shukla.

        Agriculture is strongly affected by changes in soil hydrology as well as by changes in land use and management practices and the complex interactions between them. This book aims to expand our knowledge and understanding of these interactions on a watershed scale, using soil hydrology models, and to address the consequences of land use and management changes on agriculture from a research perspective. Case studies illustrate the impact of land use and management practices on various soil hydrological parameters under different climates and ecosystems.

      • Trusted Partner
        Fertilizers & manures
        November 2008

        Ecohydrology

        Processes, Models and Case Studies

        by Edited by David M Harper, M Zalewski, Nic Pacini.

        Ecohydrology is an emerging new sub-discipline which links elements of ecology with hydrology at all points in the water cycle, ranging in scale from water-plant physiological relationships to whole catchment water-ecosystem processes. This book pays most attention to the larger scales of ecohydrology, emphasising the use of this tool in striving towards the goal of sustainable water management. Authors from Eastern as well as Western Europe; from America, Australia and South Africa, give a broad global context.

      • Trusted Partner
        Forestry & related industries
        July 2005

        Tropical Forests of the Guiana Shield

        by Edited by David Hammond

        The Guiana Shield is an ancient geological formation located in the northern part of South America, covering an area of one million square kilometres. Despite its hostile environment, it is home to many unusual and highly specialized plants and animals, which constitute a rich area of biodiversity. Chapters in this book include hydrology, nutrient cycling, forest phenology, insect-plant interactions, forest microclimate, plant distributions, forest dynamics and conservation and management of flora and fauna. It provides a comprehensive and detailed review of the ecology, biology and natural history of the forests of the area.

      • Trusted Partner
        Fertilizers & manures
        September 1998

        Soil Erosion at Multiple Scales

        Principles and Methods for Assessing Causes and Impacts

        by Edited by Frits W T Penning de Vries, Fahmuddin Agus, John Kerr

        Approaches to research on the causes and impacts of soil erosion have changed significantly over recent years. Whereas biophysical research traditionally utilized small, carefully-managed erosion plots, models and methods are now available to study impacts of broad scale management on the hydrology and water quality of catchments and even river basins. Corresponding research tools have been developed for social and economic analysis at the household, farm and community levels. This book reviews the latest developments in such soil erosion studies. These are considered on a matrix of scales, from plot to river basin, and from farm to national policy. Some chapters review background issues while others consider specific methods. Conclusions of working groups are presented in another chapter. The book is based on papers presented at a workshop held in Indonesia in November 1997, and includes authors from Europe, America, Australia and Asia, as well as from several of the CGIAR centres.

      • Trusted Partner
        Limnology (freshwater)
        October 2002

        Agriculture, Hydrology and Water Quality

        by Edited by Philip Haygarth, Steven C Jarvis

        This book is a collection of state-of-the-art reviews on the global problems of diffuse water pollution from agriculture, which affects the water quality of rivers, lakes, reservoirs and the oceans. It includes chapters on eutrophication, phosphorus, nitrogen, manure, heavy metals, carbon/persistent organic pollutants and soil/siltation problems. The book is broken down into three parts and reflects the opinions of the world's experts in these subjects.

      • Trusted Partner
        January 2018

        Plant Ecology, Second Edition

        by J. Phil Gibson and Terri R. Gibson, Series Editor: William G. Hopkins

        Plants are the foundation of ecosystems. They convert energy from sunlight into carbohydrates, direct the cycling of nutrients, shape the hydrologic cycle, and influence weather. Many other ecologically important phenomena are the result of the interactions between plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria, and these natural processes reveal an amazing array of traits and strategies that have allowed plants to survive through the years. Plant Ecology, Second Edition explores these major ecological roles and dynamics of plants and their place in the environment. This reference is a vital tool for students and teachers of plant biology.

      • Trusted Partner
        The environment
        December 2004

        Climate Change in Contrasting River Basins

        Adaptation Strategies for Water, Food and Environment

        by Edited by Jeroen Aerts, Peter Droogers

        Dealing with climate change is generally considered to be one of the greatest challenges for the coming decades. Changes in precipitation are likely to have a major impact on the hydrological cycle and subsequently on the environment and food production. However, until now clear guidance on how to respond to this challenge, particularly at the river basin level, has been lacking.This book has been developed from the ADAPT project, focusing on the development of regional adaptation strategies for water, food and the environment in river basins across the world. A generic methodology is presented and applied to seven case studies in contrasting geographical areas of the world: Mekong (SE Asia), Rhine (Western Europe), Sacramento (USA), Syr Darya (Central Asia), Volta (Ghana), Walawe (Sri Lanka) and Zayandeh (Iran).

      • Trusted Partner
        April 2021

        The value of the forest

        by Zhao Wenying, Jiang Tianyi

        This book systematically introduces the multiple values of forests from the perspective of combining science and culture. Including forest environment adaptation, population self-regulation, community survival and development, system harmony and unification laws of the jungle, forest purification of air, adjustment of hydrological climate, soil conservation, maintenance of biodiversity and other ecological service values, the main forest products, wood products and wood environment value , The development value of forest food, medicinal materials, industrial and agricultural raw materials, landscape and other non-wood forest products, the health value of forests to promote human health, the forest inherits human civilization, breeds ecological ideas, and forms the value of cultural signs such as landscapes, trees, flowers, and animals , The aesthetic value of the forest from the form, color, dynamic, etc., and so on. This book creatively intersperses the classic evaluations of many celebrities and scholars on the forest, discusses the comprehensive value of ancient and famous trees, and realizes the organic integration of ideology, knowledge and interest.

      • Limnology (freshwater)
        November 1999

        Hydrologic Science Priorities for the U.S. Global Change Research Program

        An Initial Assessment

        by Committee on Hydrologic Science, National Research Council

        The availability of fresh water is potentially one of the most pervasive crises of the coming century. Water-related decisions will determine the future of major ecosystems, the health of regional economies, and the political stability of nations. A vigorous program of research in hydrologic sciences can provide the basis for sound water management at local, regional, national, and international levels. The Committee on Hydrologic Science was established by the National Research Council in 1999 to identify priorities for hydrologic science that will ensure its vitality as a scientific discipline in service of societal needs. This charge will be performed principally through a series of studies that provide scientific advice on the hydrologic aspects of national program and U.S. hydrologic contributions to international programs. This first report contains a preliminary assessment of the hydrologic science content of the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP). Because this is a short and focused report, little effort is spent to reaffirm the established and successful elements of the USGCRP. In fact, the Committee generally endorses the findings of the National Research Council (NRC) report Global Environmental Change: Research Pathways for the Next Decade (NRC, 1998a; the so-called Pathways report) in this respect. Instead the attention here is directed toward the most critical missing hydrologic science elements in the FY2000 USGCRP. This brings the focus to the terrestrial component of the water cycle. The integrative nature of terrestrial hydrology could significantly strengthen the USGCRP.

      • Ecological science, the Biosphere
        December 2008

        Hydrologic Effects of a Changing Forest Landscape

        by Committee on Hydrologic Impacts of Forest Management, National Research Council

        Of all the outputs of forests, water may be the most important. Streamflow from forests provides two-thirds of the nation's clean water supply. Removing forest cover accelerates the rate that precipitation becomes streamflow; therefore, in some areas, cutting trees causes a temporary increase in the volume of water flowing downstream. This effect has spurred political pressure to cut trees to increase water supply, especially in western states where population is rising. However, cutting trees for water gains is not sustainable: increases in flow rate and volume are typically short-lived, and the practice can ultimately degrade water quality and increase vulnerability to flooding. Forest hydrology, the study of how water flows through forests, can help illuminate the connections between forests and water, but it must advance if it is to deal with today's complexities, including climate change, wildfires, and changing patterns of development and ownership. This book identifies actions that scientists, forest and water managers, and citizens can take to help sustain water resources from forests.

      • Meteorology & climatology
        December 2011

        Global Change and Extreme Hydrology

        Testing Conventional Wisdom

        by Committee on Hydrologic Science; Water Science and Technology Board; Division on Earth and Life Studies; National Research Council

        Climate theory dictates that core elements of the climate system, including precipitation, evapotranspiration, and reservoirs of atmospheric and soil moisture, should change as the climate warms, both in their means and extremes. A major challenge that faces the climate and hydrologic science communities is understanding the nature of these ongoing changes in climate and hydrology and the apparent anomalies that exist in reconciling their extreme manifestations. The National Research Council (NRC) Committee on Hydrologic Science (COHS) held a workshop on January 5-6, 2010, that examined how climate warming translates into hydrologic extremes like floods and droughts. The workshop brought together three groups of experts. The first two groups consisted of atmospheric scientists and hydrologists focused on the scientific underpinnings and empirical evidence linking climate variability to hydrologic extremes. The third group consisted of water managers and decision-makers charged with the design and operation of water systems that in the future must be made resilient in light of a changing climate and an environment of hydrologic extremes. Global Change and Extreme Hydrology summarizes the proceedings of this workshop. This report presents an overview of the current state of the science in terms of climate change and extreme hydrologic events. It examines the "conventional wisdom" that climate change will "accelerate" the hydrologic cycle, fuel more evaporation, and generate more precipitation, based on an increased capacity of a warmer atmosphere to hold more water vapor. The report also includes descriptions of the changes in frequency and severity of extremes, the ability (or inability) to model these changes, and the problem of communicating the best science to water resources practitioners in useful forums.

      • Agriculture & farming
        May 2016

        Engineering Hydrology

        by Balram Panigrahi & Kajal Panigrahi

        The book is written in a simple and lucid style that can help students who do not have sufficient knowledge and exposure to the subject before. The book contains a lot of basic knowledge in the field of hydrology. A number of sample calculations in each chapter are presented in the book which will help the students to understand the subject matter very easily. The various chapters of the book are well designed, written in systematic way and are prepared from the class notes prepared for the students besides utilizing long practical field experiences of the authors. Book will also help students in the streams of Meteorology, forestry, environmental engineering, geology and earth sciences. Besides serving as a text book, the book is intended to be very helpful for persons dealing in the areas of Agriculture, Agricultural and Civil Engineering. It will serve as an invaluable resource for all academicians, planners, designers, practicing and field engineers in the area of water resources evaluation, development and management. The book contains 102 sample calculations, 105 tables and 154 figures and more than 145 references and several field experimental results which will be of immense help to the students and practitioners.

      • Limnology (freshwater)
        October 2012

        Challenges and Opportunities in the Hydrologic Sciences

        by Committee on Challenges and Opportunities in the Hydrologic Sciences; National Research Council

        New research opportunities to advance hydrologic sciences promise a better understanding of the role of water in the Earth system that could help improve human welfare and the health of the environment. Reaching this understanding will require both exploratory research to better understand how the natural environment functions, and problem-driven research, to meet needs such as flood protection, supply of drinking water, irrigation, and water pollution. Collaboration among hydrologists, engineers, and scientists in other disciplines will be central to meeting the interdisciplinary research challenges outline in this report. New technological capabilities in remote sensing, chemical analysis, computation, and hydrologic modeling will help scientists leverage new research opportunities.

      • Limnology (freshwater)
        June 2006

        Toward a New Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS)

        by Committee to Assess the National Weather Service Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service Initiative, National Research Council

        The National Weather Service (NWS) is responsible for providing flood forecasts and warnings in the United States. The agency established the Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Services (AHPS) program in 1997 to advance technology for hydrologic services, specifically to provide accurate forecasts that support timely warnings for all users of hydrologic predictions. AHPS strives to provide information at the right time to facilitate adequate responses to mitigate damages to life, livelihoods, and property. AHPS is slated to be fully implemented nationwide in 2013. With seven years still remaining in its development and implementation timeline, a review of the program now is critical to providing NWS with information it needs to maximize the effectiveness of the AHPS program. This report assesses AHPS in respect to hydrologic science and technology research, river routing and mechanics, "systems" engineering aspects, and implementation. Overall, this report finds AHPS to be an ambitious program that promises to provide services and products that are timely and necessary. The report calls for AHPS to develop a detailed and comprehensive, multi-year implementation plan and for the program’s goals and budget to be brought into closer alignment.

      • Limnology (freshwater)
        November 1998

        Hydrologic Sciences

        Taking Stock and Looking Ahead

        by Proceedings of the 1997 Abel Wolman Distinguished Lecture and Symposium on the Hydrologic Sciences, Water Science and Technology Board, National Research Council

        Hydrologic science, an important, interdisciplinary science dealing with the occurrence, distribution, and properties of water on Earth, is key to understanding and resolving many contemporary, large-scale environmental issues. The Water Science and Technology Board used the opportunity of its 1997 Abel Wolman Distinguished Lecture to assess the vitality of the hydrologic sciences by the hydrologic community. The format included focus by lecturer Thomas Dunne on the intellectual vitality of the hydrologic sciences, followed by a symposium featuring several invited papers and discussions. Hydrologic Sciences is a compilation of the Wolman Lecture and the papers, preceded by a summarizing overview. The volume stresses a number of needs for furtherance of hydrologic science, including development of a coherent body of transferable theory and an intellectual center for the science, communication across multiple geo- and environmental science disciplines, appropriate measurements and observations, and provision of central guidance for the field.

      • Limnology (freshwater)
        April 2002

        Report of a Workshop on Predictability & Limits-To-Prediction in Hydrologic Systems

        by Committee on Hydrologic Science, Water Science and Technology Board, Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council

        The Committee on Hydrologic Science (COHS) of the National Research Council (NRC) is engaged in studying the priorities and future strategies for hydrologic science. In order to involve a broad community representation, COHS is organizing workshops on priority topics in hydrologic science. These efforts will culminate in reports from the NRC on the individual workshops as well as a synthesis report on strategic directions in hydrologic science. The first workshop-Predictability and Limits-to-Prediction in Hydrologic Systems-was held at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado, September 21-22, 2000. Fourteen technical presentations covered basic research and understanding, model formulations and behavior, observing strategies, and transition to operational predictions.

      • Hydrology & the hydrosphere
        January 2006

        Practical Isotope Hydrology

        by S.M.Rao

        The book highlights, with practical examples, the potential of isotope techniques in water resources development and management. It starts with a description of isotope characteristics as well as their relevance as tracers in studies on various stages of the hydrological cycle. The book covers applications of both environmental isotopes and injected tracers to surface water and groundwater bodies as well as their interrelationships. In view of the importance of identification of groundwater recharge and recharge processes, due emphasis is given to this aspect of application of environmental isotopes. Role of isotopes in understanding groundwater contamination from natural pollutants like inland salinity, arsenic and nitrate is discussed with examples.

      • Aquaculture & fish-farming: practice & techniques
        April 2008

        Hydrology, Ecology, and Fishes of the Klamath River Basin

        by Committee on Hydrology, Ecology, and Fishes of the Klamath River, National Research Council

        The Klamath River basin, which spans parts of southern Oregon and northern California, has been the focus of a prominent conflict over competing uses for water. Management actions to protect threatened and endangered fish species in the basin have left less water available for irrigation in dry years and heightened tensions among farmers and other stakeholders including commercial fishermen, Native Americans, conservationists, hunters, anglers, and hydropower producers. This National Research Council book assesses two recent studies that evaluate various aspects of flows in the Klamath basin: (1) the Instream Flow Phase II study (IFS), conducted by Utah State University, and (2) the Natural Flow of the Upper Klamath Basin study (NFS), conducted by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR). The book concludes that both studies offer important new information but do not provide enough information for detailed management of flows in the Klamath River, and it offers many suggestions for improving the studies. The report recommends that a comprehensive analysis of the many individual studies of the Klamath river basin be conducted so that a big picture perspective of the entire basin and research and management needs can emerge.

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