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      • Energy industries & utilities
        November 1999

        Review of the Research Strategy for Biomass-Derived Transportation Fuels

        by Committee to Review the R&D Strategy for Biomass-Derived Ethanol and Biodiesel Transportation Fuels, National Research Council

        The Office of Fuels Development (OFD), a component of the U.S. Department of Energy' s (DOE) Office of Transportation Technologies, manages the federal government's effort to make biomass-based ethanol (bioethanol) and biodiesel a practical and affordable alternative to gasoline. Through the National Biomass Ethanol Program, the OFD is overseeing key research and development (R&D) and industry-government partnerships for the establishment of a cellulosic biomass ethanol industry. Cellulosic biomass resources being investigated include agronomic and forest crop residues, woody crops, perennial grasses, and municipal wastes. Starch-based sources, such as cereal grains (e.g., corn grain), are not included in this program. The objective of the program is to promote the commercialization of enzyme-based technologies to produce cost-competitive bioethanol for use as transportation fuel. The OFD requested that the National Research Council estimate the contribution and evaluate the role of biofuels (biomass-derived ethanol and biodiesel) as transportation fuels in the domestic and international economies, evaluate OFD's biofuels strategy, and recommend changes in this strategy and the R&D goals and portfolio of the OFD in the near-term to midterm time frame (about 20 years). During this period, a number of complex, interacting factors, including advances in the technologies used to produce biofuels at a competitive cost, the elimination of tax incentives, advances in vehicle and engine technologies, growing concerns about solid waste disposal and air pollution, and global measures to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, will affect the position of biofuels in transportation fuel markets.

      • Alternative & renewable energy sources & technology

        ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND ADVANCED VEHICLE TECHNOLOGIES

        by VENKATESWARLU. K. and MURTHY, B.S.R.

        Primarily intended for the undergraduate students of Automobile, Mechanical, Electrical, Aerospace engineering, and postgraduate students of Thermal Engineering and Energy Systems, the book presents the topics as per the outcome-based education system. In addition to the coverage of various alternative fuels considered for IC engines, special focus is emphasized on research findings in the field of alternative fuels and fuel additives including nano-additives. The stress is also given towards the exclusive coverage of advanced engine technologies such as CRDI engines, MPFI engines, GDI, HCCI and advanced energy technologies such as Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs), Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs), Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs), Fuel Cell Vehicles (FCVs), Solar Powered Vehicles.   KEY FEATURES A detailed discussion of the research findings in alternatives fuels for IC engines   150+ Review questions   200+ Multiple choice questions   PowerPoint slides for the instructors   Google Preview: https://bit.ly/2ZaqtDG

      • Biology, life sciences
        March 2008

        Achievements of the National Plant Genome Initiative and New Horizons in Plant Biology

        by Committee on the National Plant Genome Initiative: Achievements and Future Directions, National Research Council

        Life on Earth would be impossible without plants. Humans rely on plants for most clothing, furniture, food, as well as for many pharmaceuticals and other products. Plant genome sciences are essential to understanding how plants function and how to develop desirable plant characteristics. For example, plant genomic science can contribute to the development of plants that are drought-resistant, those that require less fertilizer, and those that are optimized for conversion to fuels such as ethanol and biodiesel. The National Plant Genome Initiative (NPGI) is a unique, cross-agency funding enterprise that has been funding and coordinating plant genome research successfully for nine years. Research breakthroughs from NPGI and the National Science Foundation (NSF) Arabidopsis 2010 Project, such as how the plant immune system controls pathogen defense, demonstrate that the plant genome science community is vibrant and capable of driving technological advancement. This book from the National Research Council concludes that these programs should continue so that applied programs on agriculture, bioenergy, and others will always be built on a strong foundation of fundamental plant biology research.

      • Agronomy & crop production
        October 2021

        Oilseed Crops

        by M.V.R. Prasad

        Oilseed crops are a heterogeneous group of plants without common morphological and genetic features except production of seed oil. Nevertheless, the importance of the seed oil or vegetable fat, has resulted in increased scientific interest in improving the yield and quality of the produce. The Oilseeds sector has been one of the most dynamic components of world agriculture; in the past three decades growing at 4.1% per annum surpassing the growth of agriculture and livestock products. The individual crops forming the conglomerate of Oilseed crops have to be treated differently as well as together for their improvement and production, since they form unique group in terms of research and development, necessitating the development of strategies for their judicious exploitation for a sound farm economy. This book Oilseed Crops aims to provide detailed information on the oilseed crops and at the same time elucidating the intricacies faced in improvement and management. Spread over thirteen Chapters, the book covers the oilseed crops, namely, Groundnut, Rapeseed-mustard, Soybean, Sesame, Sunflower, Safflower, Niger, Linseed, Castor and Oil-bearing Trees. Each Chapter includes information on the Background of the Plant, Ecology, Cytogenetics, Genetic Resources and Breeding, Biotechnology, Important Characteristics, Diseases and Pests of the Crop, Production and Products from the crop. Designer Oilseed Crops is a new concept for the development of novel products of vegetable fats using biotechnology, gene editing and genetic transformation. The book will be useful to researchers, students, agricultural extensionists and all those taking up study of Oilseed Crops.

      • Sustainability
        September 2020

        Biomass Production and Efficient Utilization for Energy Generation

        by N.S. Rathore & N.L.Panwar

        The book presents complicated statistical equations and formulae in the form of easily understandable text and simple formulae, so that large data gathered through the field experimentation could be properly analyzed and correct inferences may be drawn from it. The present book has been divided into seven chapters. First two chapters deals with the development of biometrics and basic statistics because biometrics cannot be understood properly without having knowledge of basic statistics. The third chapter deals with assessment of variability in a population which can be determined through different methods like D2 statistics, Euclidean cluster analysis and meteroglyph analysis, however, range, standard deviation, variance and coefficient of variation are simpler statistics for assessment of variability. Fourth chapter deals with breeding methods which include selection process, eritability, and selection index. Fifth chapter deals with aids in selection and include important topics like correlation, path analysis, regression analysis, cluster analysis, PCA and discriminant function analysis. Sixth chapter deals with aids in selection which include diallel analysis and generation mean analysis. Seventh chapter is varietal adaptation which includes stability analysis of a variety.

      • Sustainability
        January 2007

        Renewable Energy Sources for Sustainable Development

        by N.S.Rathore & N.L.Panwar

        This book has been written with a view to draw attention for integration of renewable energy in all sectors for sustainable development. The aim of this book is to examine the range of views related to renewable energy sources for sustainable and their implications. The authors have simplified and clarified renewable energy technologies and new theories for a sustainable development. Sustainable development has been characterized by an emphasis on environmental issues and its inter-relationship with renewable energy sources. In present context there is a need to develop an approach to structure the subject which hinders the development of knowledge in a systematic way. The built environment contributes significantly to the society and thus development in holistic manner. Integration of renewable energy sources is one of the major factors in determining whether a community is sustainable in the longer term or not. In this book, emphasis has been made on various aspects of energy planning such as energy assessment, energy integration, energy forecasting, energy modeling, computer modeling and techno-economic analysis of different conventional as well as non-conventional renewable energy sources. Much of the information presented in this book is basically to acquire an understanding of the integrated energy planning, its design, development, implementation, monitoring and feedback evaluation. This book will be useful for those involved in energy activities and planning.

      • Veterinary medicine
        January 2022

        Pongamia for Bio-Energy and Better Environment

        by M.V.R. Prasad

        Pongamia pinnata is also credited with several preventive and curative properties as established by Ayurvedic medicine. It may be recalled that in the decades of nineteen seventies a few villages reaped sustainable incomes in the face of acute and chronic droughts that plagued the nation, solely due to the availability of some old Pongamia / karanj tree stands around those zones. Kranj oil has exhibited promise as a source of green energy. Nevertheless, the research on improvement of Karanj and its management as a productive plantation is nebulous. It is heartening that the Monograph on Karanj by Dr. M.V.R. Prasad fills this void. Dr. Prasad has been pursuing the work on oil bearing perennial trees of which Pongamaia pinnata has been studied in greater detail during the decades starting from nineteen eighties to date. The Monograph describes clearly as to how Pongamia pinnata could be harnessed to exploit the proven and potential benefits cited above, in addition to giving valuable information on its genetic improvement and plantation management.

      • Environment, transport & planning law
        January 2013

        Climate Change and Natural Resources Management

        by S.Lenka.& N.K.Lenka

        This book addresses the important issues of food security and sustainability of natural resources of India in the context of the projected climate change. Agroecosystems being the sites of intense interaction between human beings and natural world, global climate change is likely to affect the resource base, the crop productivity, input use efficiency and overall the profitability of agricultural production systems to a great extent. However, the adverse effects of climate change can be alleviated through mitigation and adaptation strategies which carry importance due to the increasing population and food demand in India. Thus, this compilation covers possible sources and sinks of greenhouse gases in Indian context including the potentials of soil carbon sequestration, crop pest and soil management and scientific livestock management as mitigation and adaptation options. This book also includes some topics on fundamentals of green house effect and the possible mechanisms by which soil nutrient availability alters due to CO2 fertilization. The schematic diagrams, tables and graphs have been included to make the book more illustrative. The likelihood of carbon credits and trading through best management practices can help Indian farmers earning carbon credits in future. The book is useful for researchers, farm managers, policy makers and also students engaged in climate change related studies.

      • Sustainability
        September 2020

        Fundamentals of Renewable Energy

        by N.S.Rathore & N.L.Panwar

        This book is to provide in-depth information on fundamentals of different renewable energy resources. The primary emphasis is on fundamentals of thermodynamics and heat transfer aspects of renewable energy gadgets and their actual applications. Various renewable energy systems are described and their fundamental analyses are described.

      • Agriculture & farming
        June 2008

        Tuber and Root Crops: Vol.09. Horticulture Science Series

        by M.S.Palaniswami & K.V.Peter

        Tuber and root crops are the third important group of food crops after cereals and pulses, feeding about one fifth of the world population. With the burgeoning population coupled with limited land, water and other resources, the future beckons tuber and root crops in fulfilling the countrys food requirements. These crops have higher biological efficiency and greater adoption with profound production potential per unit area per unit time. Tuber and root crops are well known from time immemorial as natures energy bank and famine savior. This book is conceived to have an updated version on the tuber and root crops especially in the Indian context, including information on the history, biodiversity, geographical distribution, botany, neutraceutical and pharmaceutical values, new varieties, production technologies, IPM strategies, starches, post harvest technologies and value added products, bio-processing, biotechnology, ITK and future thrusts. Various aspects of cassava, sweet potato, elephant foot yam, taro, yams, coleus, yam bean and arrow root are elucidated in 17 s and appendices. This book will be of immense use to the policy makers, scientists, post graduate and under graduate students and officials concerned with tuber and root crops research, development and extension.

      • Nanotechnology
        January 2010

        Biotechnology in Animal Health and Production

        by Satish Kumar Jindal & M.C.Sharma

        This book describes and evaluates animal biotechnology and its application in veterinary medicine and pharmaceuticals as well as improvement in animal food production. Transgenic technologies are used for improving milk production and the meat in farm animals as well as for creating models of human diseases. Transgenic animals are used for the production of proteins for human medical use. Biotechnology is applied to facilitate xenotransplantation from animals to humans. Genetic engineering is done in farm animals and nuclear transfer technology has become an important and preferred method for cloning animals. Biotechnology has potential applications in the management of several animal diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease, classical swine fever, avian flue and bovine spongiform encephalopathy. The most important biotechnology based products consist of vaccines, particularly genetically engineered or DNA vaccines. Gene therapy for diseases of pet animals is a fast developing area because many of the technologies used in clinical trials humans were developed in animals and many of the diseases of cats and dogs are similar to those in humans. RNA interference technology is now being applied for research in veterinary medicine. Molecular diagnosis is assuming an important place in veterinary practice. Polymerase chain reaction and its modifications are considered to be important. Fluorescent in situ hybridization and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays are also widely used. Newer biochip-based technologies and biosensors are also finding their way in veterinary diagnostics. This book is an attempt to unravel the mysteries of biotechnology as it affects animal health and production."

      • Microbiology (non-medical)
        January 2023

        Crops and Cropping System

        by Kajal Sengupta & Rajesh Khan

        This book is an attempt to enlighten the learners and to inculcate, among them and other concerned persons, the importance and influence of cropping system on sustainable crop production. The smooth order, clear explanation and simple presentation are expected to help the readers understanding the subject in a better way.

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