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October 2022
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Lifestyle, Sport & LeisureOctober 2022Derailed
How to fix Britain's broken railways
by Tom Haines-Doran, Julie Froud
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Lifestyle, Sport & LeisureOctober 2022Derailed
How to fix Britain's broken railways
by Tom Haines-Doran, Julie Froud
Few would disagree that Britain's railways are broken and have been for a long time. This insightful new book calls for a radical rethink of how we view the railways and explains the problems we face and how to fix them. Haines-Doran argues that the railways should be seen as a social good and an indispensable feature of the national economy. We would then avoid the incessant debates on whether they are a business failure and whether they can be anything other than loss-making. The book gives an overview of the main questions that rail users frequently ask: why don't trains run on time? Why are fares so expensive? Why are there so many strikes? Haines-Doran offers clear explanation of the roots of these problems and how the system can be fixed so it can be a true service to us all.
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Geography & the EnvironmentOctober 2020Unterirdische Perspektiven
Die historische Nutzung verborgener Räume und ihre Möglichkeiten für die Zukunft
by Alexander Glück
Unterirdische Räume geben der Nachwelt Auskunft über die Menschheitsgeschichte. Von jeher waren Höhlen im Falle einer Bedrohung oder eines Krieges Zufluchtsorte für Menschen. Ebenso wurden Kampfhandlungen während eines Krieges unterirdisch mit künstlich geschaffenen Tunnel- und Stollensystemen geführt. Befestigungsanlagen zum Beispiel wiesen geheime Fluchttunnel auf, durch die man im Belagerungsfall flüchten oder, vom Gegner unbemerkt, Verstärkung in diese hineinführen konnte.Neben der Entwicklungsgeschichte von so genannten "Unterstädten" richtet sich der sachkundige Blick hier auf geologische, architektonische, volkskundliche und technische Aspekte des Untergrunds. Alexander Glück M. A., geboren 1969 in Usingen, Studium der Fächer Buchwesen, Politikwissenschaft und Deutsche Volkskunde in Mainz, lebt seit 1996 als Publizist in Österreich. Zahlreiche Beiträge für Feuilletons, Fach- und Kulturzeitschriften. Veröffentlichte 2001 zusammen mit Marcello La Speranza und Peter Ryborz "Unter Wien. Auf den Spuren des dritten Mannes durch Kanäle, Grüfte und Kasematten".
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Transport planning & policyJanuary 1987Infrastructure for the 21st Century
Framework for a Research Agenda
by Committee on Infrastructure Innovation, National Research Council
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Transport planning & policyJanuary 1997Flight to the Future
Human Factors in Air Traffic Control
by Christopher D. Wickens, Anne S. Mavor, and James P. McGee, Editors; Panel on Human Factors in Air Traffic Control Automation, National Research Council
Despite the strong safety record of the national airspace system, serious disruptions occasionally occur, often as a result of outdated or failed equipment. Under these circumstances, safety relies on the skills of the controllers and pilots and on reducing the number of aircraft in the air. The current and growing pressures to increase the capacity to handle a greater number of flights has led to a call for faster and more powerful equipment and for equipment that can take over some of the tasks now being performed by humans. Increasing the role of automation in air traffic control may provide a more efficient system, but will human controllers be able to effectively take over when problems occur? This comprehensive volume provides a baseline of knowledge about the capabilities and limitations of humans relative to the variety of functions performed in air traffic control. It focuses on balancing safety with the expeditious flow of air traffic, identifying lessons from past air accidents. The book discusses The function of the national airspace system and the procedures for hiring, training, and evaluating controllers. Decisionmaking, memory, alertness, vigilance, sleep patterns during shift work, communication, and other factors in controllers' performance. Research on automation and human factors in air traffic control and incorporation of findings into the system. The Federal Aviation Administration's management of the air traffic control system and its dual mandate to promote safety and the development of air commerce. This book also offers recommendations for evaluation the human role in automated air traffic control systems and for managing the introduction of automation into current facilities and operations. It will be of interest to anyone concerned about air safety--policymakers, regulators, air traffic managers and controllers, airline officials, and passenger advocates.
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Transport planning & policyApril 1997Review of the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles
Third Report
by Standing Committee to Review the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles, National Research Council
This book examines the state of development and research progress of technologies being considered for a new generation of vehicles that could achieve up to three times the fuel economy of comparable 1994 family sedans. It addresses compression ignition direct injection engines, fuel cells, gas turbines, batteries, flywheels, ultracapacitors, and power electronics being developed by the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles--a cooperative research and development program between the U.S. government and the U.S. Council for Automotive Research. The book assesses the relevance of the ongoing research to PNGV's goals and schedule and addresses several broad program issues such as government efforts to anticipate infrastructure issues, the leverage of foreign technology, and the program's adequacy and balance.
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Transport planning & policyJanuary 1992Automotive Fuel Economy
How Far Can We Go?
by Committee on Fuel Economy of Automobiles and Light Trucks, National Research Council
This volume presents realistic estimates for the level of fuel economy that is achievable in the next decade for cars and light trucks made in the United States and Canada. A source of objective and comprehensive information on the topic, this book takes into account real-world factors such as the financial conditions in the automotive industry, costs and benefits to consumers, and marketability of high-efficiency vehicles. The committee is composed of experts from the fields of science, technology, finance, and regulation and offers practical evaluations of technological improvements that could contribute to increased fuel efficiency. The volume also examines potential barriers to improvement, such as high production costs, regulations on safety and emissions, and consumer preferences. This practical book is of considerable interest to car and light truck manufacturers, policymakers, federal and state agencies, and the public.
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Transport planning & policyFebruary 1998Review of the Research and Development Plan for the Office of Advanced Automotive Technologies
by Committee on Advanced Automotive Technologies Plan, National Research Council
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Transport planning & policyApril 1998Review of the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles
Fourth Report
by Standing Committee to Review the Research Programs of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles, National Research Council
This book examines the state of development and research progress of technologies being considered for a new generation of vehicles that could achieve up to three times the fuel economy of comparable 1994 family sedans. It addresses advanced automotive technologies including engines, fuel cells, batteries, flywheels, power electronics, and lightweight materials being developed by the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles--a cooperative research and development program between the U.S. government and the U.S. Council for Automotive Research. The book assesses the relevance of the ongoing research to PNGV's goals and schedule, the program's adequacy and balance, and addresses several issues such as the benefits of hybrid versus nonhybrid vehicles and the importance of the sports utility vehicle market.
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Transport planning & policySeptember 2003Energy and Transportation
Challenges for the Chemical Sciences in the 21st Century
by Organizing Committee for the Workshop on Energy and Transportation, Committee on Challenges for the Chemical Sciences in the 21st Century, National Research Council
This book, also based on a workshop, assesses the current state of chemistry and chemical engineering at the interface with novel and existing forms of energy and transportation systems. The book also identifies challenges for the chemical sciences in helping to meet the increased demand for more energy, and opportunities for research in energy technologies and in the development of transportation vehicles.
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Transport planning & policyOctober 2005Review of the Research Program of the FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership
First Report
by Committee on Review of the FreedomCAR and Fuel Research Program, National Research Council
The FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership is a collaborative effort among the Department of Energy (DOE), the U.S. Council for Automotive Research (USCAR), and five major energy companies to manage research that will enable the vision of "a clean and sustainable transportation energy future." It envisions a transition from more efficient internal combustion engines (ICEs), to advanced ICE hybrid electric vehicles, to enabling a private-sector decision by 2015 on hydrogen-fueled vehicle development. This report, which builds on an earlier NRC report, The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs, presents an evaluation of the Partnership’s research efforts on hydrogen-fueled transportation systems, and provides findings and recommendations about technical directions, strategies, funding, and management.
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Transport planning & policyJanuary 2006Managing Construction and Infrastructure in the 21st Century Bureau of Reclamation
by Committee on Organizing to Manage Construction and Infrastructure in the 21st Century Bureau of Reclamation, National Research Council
In the more than 100 years since its formation, the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation of the Department of Interior (DOI), through its construction program, has brought water, electric power, and recreation facilities to millions of people in the Western United States. With major water and power systems in place, the Bureau’s attention has now turned to operation, maintenance, repair, and modernization of those facilities in an environmentally and economically sound manner. To help with this effort, DOI asked the NRC to advise the Bureau on “appropriate organizational, management, and resource configurations to meet its construction, maintenance, and infrastructure requirements for its missions of the 21st century.†This report presents an assessment of the requirements facing the Bureau in the 21st century, an analysis of good practices and techniques for addressing those challenges, and a review of workforce and human resource needs. The report also provides alternative scenarios that describe possible future organizations for infrastructure management.
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Transport planning & policyFebruary 2007Polar Icebreakers in a Changing World
An Assessment of U.S. Needs
by Committee on the Assessment of U.S. Coast Guard Polar Icebreaker Roles and Future Needs, National Research Council
The United States has enduring national and strategic interests in the polar regions, including citizens living above the Arctic circle and three year-round scientific stations in the Antarctic. Polar icebreaking ships are needed to access both regions. Over the past several decades, the U.S. government has supported a fleet of four icebreakers -- three multi-mission U.S. Coast Guard ships (the POLAR SEA, POLAR STAR, and HEALY) and the National Science Foundation’s PALMER, which is dedicated solely to scientific research. Today, the POLAR STAR and the POLAR SEA are at the end of their service lives, and a lack of funds and no plans for an extension of the program has put U.S. icebreaking capability at risk. This report concludes that the United States should continue to support its interests in the Arctic and Antarctic for multiple missions, including maintaining leadership in polar science. The report recommends that the United States immediately program, budget, design, and construct two new polar icebreakers to be operated by the U.S. Coast Guard. The POLAR SEA should remain mission capable and the POLAR STAR should remain available for reactivation until the new polar icebreakers enter service. The U.S. Coast Guard should be provided sufficient operations and maintenance budget to support an increased, regular, and influential presence in the Arctic, with support from other agencies. The report also calls for a Presidential Decision Directive to clearly align agency responsibilities and budgetary authorities.
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Transport planning & policySeptember 2008Review of the 21st Century Truck Partnership
by Committee to Review the 21st Century Truck Partnership, National Research Council
The 21st Century Truck Partnership (21CTP), a cooperative research and development partnership formed by four federal agencies with 15 industrial partners, was launched in the year 2000 with high hopes that it would dramatically advance the technologies used in trucks and buses, yielding a cleaner, safer, more efficient generation of vehicles. Review of the 21st Century Truck Partnership critically examines and comments on the overall adequacy and balance of the 21CTP. The book reviews how well the program has accomplished its goals, evaluates progress in the program, and makes recommendations to improve the likelihood of the Partnership meeting its goals. Key recommendations of the book include that the 21CTP should be continued, but the future program should be revised and better balanced. A clearer goal setting strategy should be developed, and the goals should be clearly stated in measurable engineering terms and reviewed periodically so as to be based on the available funds.
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Transport planning & policyJanuary 2010A Transportation Research Program for Mitigating and Adapting to Climate Change and Conserving Energy
Special Report 299
by Committee for Study on Transportation Research Programs to Address Energy and Climate Change, Transportation Research Board 2009 Executive Committee
In reviewing proposals for transportation research programs as part of reauthorizing the federal surface transportation program, the Transportation Research Board recognized a gap: no proposals explicitly addressed research to mitigate GHG emissions and energy consumption attributable to passenger and freight travel or to adapt to climate change. A Transportation Research Program for Mitigating and Adapting to Climate Change and Conserving Energy is the product of a study to suggest research programs to fill this and other perceived gaps. Specifically, this book identifies research needs with regard to policies and strategies relating to the use of the transportation system and to assist infrastructure owners in adapting to climate change; focuses on research programs that could provide guidance to officials at all levels responsible for policies that affect the use of surface transportation infrastructure and its operation, maintenance, and construction; and aims to help officials begin to adapt the infrastructure to climate changes that are already occurring or that are expected to occur in the next several decades.
